Veronica chamaedrys L. (Вероника дубравная, Plantaginaceae)

Описание: Плод - коробочка, образованная верхней завязью 2-членного синкарпного гинецея. Коробочки обратно-сердцевидные, плоские, 4 - 6 мм длиной, 5 - 8 мм шириной, 2 - 3 мм толщиной, вскрываются продольной щелью по спинным жилкам плодолистиков. Поверхность желтая или желто-коричневая, гладкая, опушенная. Семена от обратно-яйцевидных до широкоовальных, 1-1.3 x 0.7-0.9 мм, сжатые с боков, дорсальная сторона слабо выпуклая, вентральная слабо вогнутая. Поверхность густо зернистая, слегка блестящая, желтоватая или светло-коричневая (Bojnanský, Fargašová, 2017)

Распространение: барохория (Graae, 2000; Palisaar, 2006); баллистохория (Раков, 2008, 2009; Голюшева, Раков, Сенатор, 2011); анемохория (Simeon, 1928; Czarnecka, 2005, 2008); эпизоохория (Graae, 2002); эндозоохория (Edwards, Crawley, 1999; Mitlacher et al., 2002; Pakeman et al., 2002; Cosyns, 2003-2004; Cosyns, Delporte et al, 2005; Couvreur et al., 2005; Oheimb et al., 2005; Römermann et al., 2005; Schmidt et al., 2005; Bruun, Poschlod, 2006; Eycott et al. 2007; Jaroszewicz, Pirożnikow, 2008; Kuiters, Huiskes, 2010; Iravani et al., 2011)

Вес 1000 диаспор, г: 0,11 (Cosyns, Delporte et al, 2005); 0,18 г (Grime et al., 1981; Johnston, 1992; Akinola et al., 1998; Bruun, Ten Brink, 2008) 0,187 (Šera, 2005); 0,19 (Dupré, Ehrlen, 2002; Bolmgren, Cowan, 2007); 0,1977 (Török et al., 2013); 0,2 (Römermann et al., 2005; Datenbank…; Weberseeds...); 0,21 (Royal…); 0,22 (Couvreur et al., 2005); 0,23 (Oster et al., 2009); 0,25 (Kwiatkowska-Falinska et al., 2011; Life form…); 0,2538 (Peti et al., 2017); 0,26 (Froborg, 2001, Moles, Westoby, 2002; Fröborg, Eriksson, 1997) 0,27 (Stein et al., 2008)

Литература: 

Голюшева А.Н., Раков Н.С., Сенатор С.А. Флора ПГТ Чердаклы (Ульяновское Заволжье) // Самарская лука. Проблемы региональной и глобальной экологии. 2011. Т. 20, № 1. С. 49 – 103.

Раков Н.С. Материалы к флоре Чердаклинского района, Урочище Овраги воровские (Ульяновское Заволжье) // Самарская Лука. 2008. Т. 17, № 4. С. 735 — 758.

Раков Н.С. Экопарк «Черное озеро» в городе Ульяновске // Фиторазнообразие Восточной Европы. 2009. № 7. С. 89 – 145.

Akinola M.O., Thompson K., Hillier S.H., 1998. Development of soil seedbanks beneath synthesized meadow communities after seven years of climate manipulation. Seed Sci. Res. Vol. 8, N 4. P. 493-500.

Bojnanský V., Fargašová A. Atlas of seeds and fruits of Central and East-European flora. The Carpathian Mountains Region. Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 2007. 1046 p.

Bolmgren K., Cowan P.D. Time – size tradeoffs: a phylogenetic comparative study of flowering time, plant height and seed mass in a northtemperate flora. // Oikos. 2007. Vol. 117. P. 424–429.

Bruun H.H., Poschlod P. Why are small seeds dispersed through animal guts: large number of seed size per se? // Oikos. 2006. Vol. 113. P. 402 – 411.

Bruun H.H., Ten Brink D.-J. Recruitment advantage of large seeds is greater in shaded habitats // Ecoscience 2008. Vol. 15, № 4. P. 498 – 507.

Cosyns E. Ungulate Seed dispersal Aspect of endozoochory in a semi-natural landscape Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor [Ph.D.] in Sciences Universiteit Gent Faculteit Wetenschappen Academiejaar 2003-2004.

Cosyns E., Delporte A., Lens L., Hoffmann M. (2005b) Germination success of temperate grassland species after passage through ungulate and rabbit guts. Journal of Ecology, 93, 353–361.

Couvreur M., Cosyns E., Hermy M., Hoffmann M. Complementarity of epi- and endozoochory by free ranging donkeys // Ecography. 2005. Vol. 28, N 1. P. 37-48.

Czarnecka J. Seed dispersal effectiviness in three adjacent plant communities: xerothermic grassland, brushwood and woodland // Ann. Bot. Fenn. 2005. Vol. 42, N 3. P. 161 – 171.

Czarnecka J. Spatial and temporal variability of seed bank resulting from overgrowing of xerothermic grassland // Acta soc. Bot.Pol. 2008. Vol. 77, No. 2. P. 157 – 166.

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Dupré C., Ehrlen J. Habitat configuration, species traits and plant distributions // Journ. Ecol. 2002. Vol. 90. P. 796-805.

Edwards G. R. & Crawley M. J. (1999). Herbivores, seed banks and seedling recruitment in mesic grassland. J. Ecol. 87: 423-435.

Eycott A.E., Watkinson A.R., Hemami M.-R. The dispersal of vascular plants in a forest mosaic by a guild of mammalian herbivores // Oecologia. 2007. Vol. 154. P. 107–118.

Froborg H., 2001. Seed size and seedling emergence in 16 temperate forest herbs and one dwarf-shrub // Nordic J. Bot. Vol. 21. P. 373 – 384.

Fröborg H., Eriksson O. Local colonization and extinction of field layer plants in a deciduous forest and their dependence upon life history features // J. Veg. Sci. 1997. Vol. 8 P. 395–400.

Graae B.J. The effect of landscape fragmentation and forest continuity on forest floor species in two regions of Denmark // Journ. Veg. Sci. 2000. Vol. 11. P. 881-892

Graae B.J. The role of epizoochorous seed dispersal of forest plant species in a fragmented landscape // Seed Science Research. 2002. Vol. 12. P. 113-121.

Iravani M., Schütz M., Edwards P. J., Risch A. C., Scheidegger C., Wagner H. H. Seed dispersal in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) dung and its potential importance for vegetation dynamics in subalpine grasslands. Basic and Applied Ecology. 2011. Vol. 12, N 6. P. 505 – 515.

Jaroszewicz B., Pirożnikow E. Diversity of plant species eaten and dispersed by the European bison Bison bonasus in Białowieża Forest // European Bison Conservation Newsletter. 2008. Vol 1 P. 14–29.

Johnston, M. A. 1992. Rabbit grazing and the dynamics of plant communities. – PhD thesis, Imperial College of Science and Technology, UK.

Kuiters A.T., Huiskes H.P.J. Potential of endozoochorous seed dispersal by sheep in calcareous grasslands: correlations with seed traits // Applied Vegetation Science 2010 Vol. 13 P. 163–172.

Kwiatkowska-Falinska, A. J., Panufnik-Medrzycka D., Wodkiewicz M., Sondej I., Jaroszewicz B. The effects of different types of woodstand disturbance on the persistence of soil seed banks // Acta Soc. Bot. Polonicae. 2011. Vol. 80 n 2. P. 149 – 157.

Life form, breeding system and seed mass for 1116 UK species (Table 1) and 180 Peru. Electronic resource. Mode of access: http://people.ucalgary.ca/~smvamosi/UK_Peru_data.h...

Mitlacher K., Poschlod P., Rosén E., Bakker J.P. Restoration of wooded meadows – a comparative analysis along a chronosequence on Öland (Sweden) // Applied Vegetation Science 2002. Vol. 5. P. 63-73.

Moles A. T., Westoby M. Seed addition experiments are more likely to increase recruitment in larger-seeded species // Oikos. 2002. Vol. 99 P. 241–248.

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Oster M, Ask K, Cousins S.A.O., Eriksson O. Dispersal and establishment limitation reduces the potential for successful restoration of semi-natural grassland communities on former arable fields // Journal of Applied Ecology. 2009a. Vol. 46. P. 1266–1274.

Pakeman R. J., Digneffe G., Small J. L. Ecological correlates of endosoochory by herbivores // Functional Ecology. 2002. Vol. 16, N 3. P. 296–304.

Palisaar J. The floodplain medows of Soomaa National Park Estonia. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultat III – Biologie und vorklinische Medizin – der Universitat Regensburg. Edertal, 2006. 261 p.

Peti E., Schellenberger J., Németh G., Málnási Csizmadia G., Oláh I., Török, K., Czóbel Sz., Baktay B. Presentation of the HuseedWild – a seed weight and germination database of the Pannonian Flora – through analysing life forms and SOCIAL behaviour types // Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 15(1), 2017. Electronic Appendix 1. URL: http://www.aloki.hu/data/1501_225244_appendix_1.pdf

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Weberseeds.de URL: http://www.weberseeds.de/index.html

Этикетка: Уразово, 4.07.1946