Распространение: Эндозоохория (Türke et al., 2013) Гидрохория (Foster et al., 1986)
Вес 1000 диаспор, г: 2,53 (Royal…)
Литература:
Foster, R.B., Arce, J.B. and Wachter, T.S. 1986. Dispersal and the sequential plant communities in Amazonian Peru floodplain. In: Frugivores and Seed Dispersal (Ed. by A. Estrada and T.H. Fleming), pp.357-370. Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.
Royal Botanic Gardens
Türke M., Blattmann T., Knop E., Kindermann A., Prestele J., Marquez L., Eisenhauer N., Fischer C. Weeds and endangered herbs have unforeseen dispersal helpers in the agrienvironment: gastropods and earthworms // Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. © Cambridge University Press, 2013. URL:
http://www.iee.unibe.ch/content/staff/eknop/e481283/Tuerke_RenewableAgricultureandFoodSystems_2013.pdf