Carex flacca Schreb. (Осока повислая, Cyperaceae)

Описание: Плод ореховидный, образованный верхней завязью 3-членного паракарпного гинецея, заключен в мешочек. Мешочек 3,5–4 мм длиной, продолговато-обратнояйцевидный, тупо трехгранный, сизовато-зеленый, с 3 - 4 неясными жилками, в основании округлый, резко сужен в короткий носик (Кречетович, 1935).

Распространение: барохория (Strykstra et al., 2002; Harvie, 2004; Czarnecka, 2005); гидрохория (Simeon, 1928); эпизоохория (Poschlod et al., 1998); эндозоохория (Tackenberg, 2001; Cosyns, 2003-2004; Cosyns et al., 2005; Bakker et al., 2008; Kuiters, Huiskes, 2010; Green et al., 2016)

Вес 1000 диаспор, г: 0,36 (Cosyns, 2003-2004); 0,37 (Grime et al., 1981; Moles, Westoby, 2002; Life form…); 0,66 (Bakker et al., 2008); 0,8 (Weberseeds...); 0,805 (D’hondt & Hoffmann, 2011); 0,87 (Royal…); 0,886 (Sera, 2005); 0,9297 (Peti et al., 2017); 0,97 (Bakker et al., 1996); 1,1 (Datenbank…); 1,1970 (Török et al., 2013); 1,31 (Cerabolini et al., 2003); 1,4594 (D3 Database)

Литература: 

КречетовичВ.И. Род Осока - Carex L. // флора СССР в 30 т. Т. 3. Л., Изд-во АН СССР, 1935. С. 111 - 464.

Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E. ,Verweij, G.L., Bekker, R.M. Soil seed bank composition along a gradient from dry alvar grassland to Juniperus shrubland // Journal of Vegetation Science 1996, Vol. 7, N 2. P. 165-176.

Bakker J. P., Galvez Bravo L., Mouissie A. M. Dispersal by cattle of salt-marsh and dune species into salt-marsh and dune communities // Plant Ecol. 2008. Vol. 197. P. 43–54.

Cerabolini B., Ceriani R. M., Caccianiga M., De Andreis R., Raimondi B. Seed size, shape and persistence in soil: a test on Italian flora from Alps to Mediterranean coasts // Seed Science Research. 2003 Vol. 13, N 1. P. 75–85.

Cosyns E. Ungulate Seed dispersal Aspect of endozoochory in a semi-natural landscape Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor [Ph.D.] in Sciences Universiteit Gent Faculteit Wetenschappen Academiejaar 2003-2004.
http://www.inbo.be/files/bibliotheek/95/166595.pdf

Cosyns E., Delporte A., Lens L., Hoffmann M. Germination success of temperate grassland species after passage through ungulate and rabbit guts // Journal of Ecology. 2005. Vol. 93 P. 353–361.

Czarnecka J. Seed dispersal effectiviness in three adjacent plant communities: xerothermic grassland, brushwood and woodland // Ann. Bot. Fenn. 2005. Vol. 42, N 3. P. 161 – 171.

D’hondt B., Hoffmann M. A reassessment of the role of simple seed traits in mortality following herbivore ingestion // Plant Biology 2011. Vol. 13, N 10. P. 118 – 124.

D³ Database
http://www.seed-dispersal.info/welcome-to-our-database-on-seed-dispersal.html

Datenbank biologisch-ökologischer Merkmale der Flora von Deutschland. URL:
http://www2.ufz.de/biolflor/overview/gattung.jsp

Green A.J., Soons M., Brochet A.-L., Kleyheeg E. Chapter six. Dispersal of Plants by Waterbirds // Why Bird Matter: Avian Ecological Function and Ecosystem Services. Univ. Chicago Press, 2016. P. 147 - 195.

Grime J.P., Mason G., Curtis A.V., Rodman J., Band S.R., Mowforth M.A.G., Neal A.M., Shaw S. A comparative study of germination characteristic in a local flora // Journ. Ecol. 1981. Vol. 69. P. 1017 – 1059.

Harvie B. 2004. The mechanisms and processes of vegetation dynamics on oil-shale spoil bings in West Lothian question Doctoral dissertation (PhD(R)). University of Edinburgh, College of science and engineering, School of geoscience. 248 p. [Electronic resource] // Atmospheric and Environmental Science PhD thesis collection (web-site). (23.4.2009) (http://www.ifremer.fr/avano/notices/00096/857/htm).

Kuiters A.T., Huiskes H.P.J. Potential of endozoochorous seed dispersal by sheep in calcareous grasslands: correlations with seed traits // Applied Vegetation Science 2010 Vol. 13 P. 163–172.

Moles A. T., Westoby M. Seed addition experiments are more likely to increase recruitment in larger-seeded species // Oikos. 2002. Vol. 99 P. 241–248.

Life form, breeding system and seed mass for 1116 UK species (Table 1) and 180 Peru. Electronic resource. URL: http://people.ucalgary.ca/~smvamosi/UK_Peru_data.h...

Peti E., Schellenberger J., Németh G., Málnási Csizmadia G., Oláh I., Török, K., Czóbel Sz., Baktay B. Presentation of the HuseedWild – a seed weight and germination database of the Pannonian Flora – through analysing life forms and SOCIAL behaviour types // Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 15(1), 2017. Electronic Appendix 1. URL: http://www.aloki.hu/data/1501_225244_appendix_1.pd...

Poschlod P., Kiefer S., Tränkle U., Fischer S., Bonn, S. Plant species richness in calcareous grasslands as affected by dispersability in space and time // Applied Vegetation Science 1998. Vol. 1, N 1. P. 75-91.

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. (2008) Seed Information Database (SID). Version 7.1. Available from: http://data.kew.org/sid / (May 2008)

Šera B. Diaspores – potential or real power of wild plants? Life cycle // Ekológia (Bratislava) 2005. Vol. 24, Supplement 1, p. 7–27.

Simeon U. (1928): Samenbildung und Samenverbreitung bei den in der Schweiz unterhalb der Waldgrenze wachsenden Pflanzen. PhD thesis ETH Zürich, 139 pp.

Strykstra R.J., Bekker R.M., Van Andel J. Dispersal and life span spectra in plant communities: a key to safe site dynamics, species coexistence and conservation // Ecography. 2002. Vol. 25. P. 145 – 160.

Tackenberg O. Metoden zur Bewertung gradueller Unterscheide des Ausbreitungspotentials von Pflanzenarten. Modelierung des Ausbreitungspotentials und Regelbasierte Abteilung des Fernausbreitungspotentials. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften. Marburg/Lahn. 2001. 132 S.

Török P., Tóth E., Tóth K., Valkó O., Deák, B., Kelbert, B., Bálint, P., Radócz Sz., Kelemen A., Sonkoly J., Miglécz T., Matus G., Takács A., Molnár V. A., SÜveges K., Papp L., Papp L. Jr., Tóth, Z., Baktay B., Málnási Csizmadia G., Oláh I., Peti E., Schellenberger J., Szalkovszki O., Kiss R., Tóthmérész, B. New measurements of thousand-seed weights of species in the pannonian flora // Acta Botanica Hungarica 2016 Vol. 58 (1–2), pp. 187–198.

Weberseeds.de URL: http://www.weberseeds.de/index.html